Where is the Atacama Desert? A Guide to South America's Driest Place
- Jul 24, 2023
- 9 min read
Updated: Aug 18
The Atacama Desert, the driest non-polar desert on Earth, is located in Chile, South America, stretching for 1,000 kilometers along the Pacific coast between the Andes Mountains and the Chilean Coast Range.
This extraordinary desert is famous for its surreal landscapes—salt flats like Salar de Atacama, moon-like valleys, steaming geysers, and turquoise lagoons.
In this guide, you’ll discover everything you need to plan your trip: where the Atacama Desert is, what to see, the best time to go, and travel tips.
You’ll also uncover the cultural richness of indigenous communities, marvel at the Geysers del Tatio, and float effortlessly in the salt-rich waters of Laguna Cejar.
Where is the Atacama Desert Located? (With Map Info)
The Atacama Desert is located in northern Chile, South America, covering regions like Antofagasta and Atacama. It is bordered by Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, and Argentina to the east.
It stretches along the Pacific coast for about 1,000 kilometers (620 miles), nestled between the towering Andes Mountains to the east and the Chilean Pacific Ocean coast range to the west.The main access town for tourists is San Pedro de Atacama.
Why is the Atacama the Driest Place in South America?
The Atacama Desert is one of the driest places, with an average annual rainfall of less than 1 millimeter. It is also one of the oldest deserts in the world.
Some regions receive virtually no rainfall for years. This aridity is a combination of factors, including the rain shadow effect of the Andes Mountains, the cold Humboldt Current, and the presence of a stable high-pressure system.
The Atacama's unique climate has created a landscape of stark beauty, characterized by barren salt flats, towering volcanoes, and otherworldly rock formations.
The climate in the Atacama Desert is dry, with blue skies and sunny most days. Temperatures can vary between day and night (from 10 to 15°).
While the Atacama is famous for being the world's driest non-polar desert, it's important to note that the largest desert in South America is actually the Patagonian Desert
Come and discover all the magic of the Atacama Desert!
If you want to hop to a specific attraction, I have made a handy table to get you started. Just click on the attraction that interests you more.
Atacama Desert Highlights: A Quick Look at 12 Must-See Attractions
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Table of Contents (Clickable)
12 Must-See Attractions in the Atacama Desert
Tulor Village:
With over 3,000 years of history, Tulor Village is one of the oldest settlements in Atacama.
This archaeological site preserves the remains of the first communities in the region, who were dedicated to crafts, pottery, and agriculture.
A true immersion in pre-Columbian history.
Pukara de Quitor:
Located just 3 km from San Pedro de Atacama, Pukara de Quitor is an archaeological fort built in the 12th century. The hill belongs to the Salt Mountain Range.
You can get there on foot or by bike. Restored in 1981 and declared a National Monument in 1982, the site offers incredible views and a wealth of history.
Valle de la Muerte & Valle de la Luna (Death Valley and Moon Valley) and Cordillera de Sal:
Explore the absolutely lunar-like landscapes of the Valley of the Moon, a geological wonder known for its surreal rock formations and providing a viewpoint for some of the most unforgettable sunsets on Earth.
Listen to the cracking of the rocks. If you're feeling up to it, climb mountains for panoramic views.
Puritama Hot Springs:
Known as Hot Springs, the Puritama Hot Springs is a true oasis in the desert.
This thermal river, with waters around 33°C, is perfect for relaxing in the middle of nature. A bath in the hot waters is an invigorating and unmissable experience.
Cejar Lagoon and Olhos de Salar:
Dive into the Cejar Lagoon, where the high concentration of salt allows you to float effortlessly.
The surrounding landscape is breathtaking, with contrasts between the blue of the water and the white of the salt.
Tatio Geyser:
Located at an altitude of 4,200 meters, about 100 km from San Pedro de Atacama, this is one of the highest geyser fields in the world, with more than 80 active geysers.
The columns of steam at dawn create an impressive natural spectacle. On the way back, take the opportunity to visit the charming town of Machuca.
Salar de Atacama and Lagoas Altiplanicas:
The Salar de Atacama is the Chilean largest salt flat and home to the famous flamingo observatory. Among the lagoons, Miscanti and Miñiques stand out at an altitude of 4,220 meters.
The vibrant colors of these lagoons contrast with the surrounding mountains, creating unforgettable scenery.
Rainbow Valley:
The Rainbow Valley is famous for its multicolored mountains, with shades of ochre, green, black, purple, and violet.
A work of art of nature, perfect for photos and contemplation.
Rio Grande:
90 km from San Pedro de Atacama, the small town of Rio Grande is an authentic example of rural life in the desert.
With less than 100 inhabitants, the residents live off growing corn, vegetables, and potatoes and raising llamas and goats. The stone and clay buildings, with thatched roofs and cactus wood, are charming in their own right.
Salar de Tara
At 4,500 meters above sea level, the Salar de Tara reveals one of the most stunning landscapes in the Atacama.
The route to this impressive salt flat, often traveled in 4x4 vehicles, passes iconic rock formations such as the Pacana Monks and the imposing Tara Cathedral.
Along the way, observe the rich biodiversity. Spot flamingos, vicuñas, and other Andean species.
The panoramic view, with the salt flat stretching to the horizon, is simply spectacular, making this excursion a unique experience in the heart of the desert.
With so many incredible attractions, the Atacama Desert promises to surprise and delight. Include these stops in your itinerary, and experience moments that will remain in your memory!
Culture and History of the Atacama People
Immerse yourself in the rich history and culture of the Atacama Desert, inhabited for millennia by indigenous communities such as the Atacameños.
Discover a fascinating cultural heritage preserved through vibrant traditional festivals celebrating the deep connection between the people and the desert wilderness.
Explore impressive archaeological sites, such as the petroglyphs of Yerbas Buenas, located on the route to the Rio Grande that served as a resting point for caravans in pre-Hispanic times.
Imagine the life of these ancient communities as you hike the trails and witness the beauty and mystery of this unique place. Plan your trip and experience the magic of the Atacama!
Other tours Around Atacama
Visit the Salar de Uyuni: it is the largest salt flat in the world, located on the border of Chile and Bolivia. The Salar is 450 km from San Pedro, requiring an extra 3/4 days to do this tour.
The Atacama Desert has clear and dark skies, making it one of the best places to stargaze. Walk to stargaze or find a dark place in the desert and look up.
Visit the Atacama Large Millimeter (ALMA): it is a radio telescope observatory. It is one of the most powerful telescopes in the world used by astronomers to study the universe. Admire the futuristic design!
Planning to explore more of South America?
After experiencing the surreal landscapes of the Atacama Desert, continue your adventure to the lush Andes and ancient ruins of Machu Picchu in Peru.
The Best Trails in Atacama
The Atacama Desert offers a variety of trails for all levels of experience, from easy walks to challenging expeditions.
The trail to Laguna Cejar, with its salty waters and stunning views of the Licancabur volcano, is an excellent option for beginners.
The more adventurous can venture on the trail to Valle de la Luna, a surreal lunar landscape with unique rock formations and imposing dunes, ideal for trekking and watching the sunset.
For history lovers, the trail to the Yerbas Buenas petroglyphs reveals a thousand-year-old past.
Get ready for breathtaking landscapes in the heart of the driest desert in the world. Always remember to bring enough water, sunscreen, and suitable footwear.
The best time to visit the Atacama Desert
The Atacama Desert can be visited all year round. The best time is spring (September to November) or autumn (March to May). Temperatures are milder.
Special cares, Safety Tips & Altitude Sickness
Adjust to the high altitude! The Atacama Desert is at a high elevation, so acclimate before engaging in physical activity.
Stay hydrated: The Atacama Desert is very dry! Drink plenty of water to stay hydrated. Don't forget a water bottle!
For nausea and headaches chew Coca leaves!
Use sunscreen to avoid sunburn.
Please respect the environment. The Atacama Desert is delicate, so do not leave any traces.
The Atacama Desert is an unforgettable destination, full of natural wonders. An opportunity to connect with nature and marvel at its grandeur.
Get ready for a fascinating journey! Surprise yourself with everything the Atacama Desert has to offer.
Extend Your South America Adventure
After experiencing the surreal beauty of the Atacama Desert, why not dive into another one-of-a-kind destination?
👉 Discover the Galápagos Islands and meet the unique wildlife that inspired Darwin — a perfect contrast to the arid wonders of the Atacama.
Where to stay in San Pedro de Atacama
For those looking for comfort and luxury, Atacama offers many 5-star, all-inclusive hotel options. In general, they are far from the center. For an extra cost, you can book all the tours through the hotel, including transportation and a knowledgeable guide.
I recommend staying in San Pedro de Atacama, so you can enjoy the restaurants and bars in the city center at night. And book the tours from reliable sites like Viator.
Frequently Asked Questions About the Atacama Desert
1. Are there any Deserts in South America?
Yes, South America is home to several notable deserts, each with its unique characteristics:
Atacama Desert (Chile): Renowned as the driest non-polar desert on Earth, the Atacama offers breathtaking landscapes of salt flats, volcanoes, and otherworldly rock formations.
Patagonian Desert (Argentina and Chile): The largest desert in South America, known for its cold, windy climate and vast, open plains.
Sechura Desert (Peru): Located along the Pacific coast of Peru, the Sechura Desert is known for its shifting sand dunes and unique wildlife.
Guajira Desert (Colombia and Venezuela): A semi-arid region in northern South America, the Guajira Desert is home to indigenous communities and unique cultural traditions.
Tatacoa Desert (Colombia): A semi-arid region in southern Colombia, the Tatacoa Desert is known for its otherworldly landscapes of red and gray rock formations.
2. What is the Largest desert in South America?
The largest desert in South America is the Patagonian Desert, spanning parts of Argentina and Chile.
3. Where is the Atacama Desert located? (in a map of south America)
The Atacama Desert is located in northern Chile, South America. It stretches along the Pacific coast for about 1,000 kilometers (620 miles), nestled between the towering Andes Mountains to the east and the Chilean Pacific Ocean coast range to the west.
4.What makes the Atacama unique?
The Atacama Desert's uniqueness stems from its extreme aridity, making it the driest non-polar desert on Earth. This lack of moisture creates a landscape that is often compared to Mars and provides unparalleled conditions for astronomical observation: a crystal-clear, transparent sky. Its unique geology, including salt flats and geysers, also sets it apart.
5. How do I get to the Atacama Desert?
Most visitors fly into Calama Airport and then transfer to San Pedro de Atacama, the main tourist hub in the region.
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Atacama has all-inclusive resorts and boutique hotels. Not sure how to choose? Here’s my hotel booking system.
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